History Of Islam In Indonesia
In the year 30 Hijri or 651 AD, only about 20 years ago of the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the Caliph Uthman ibn Affan RA send a delegation to China to introduce Daula Muslims, who have long standing. In a journey that took four years, the delegates turned out to Uthman had stopped at the Islands of the archipelago. Several years later, exactly the year AD 674, Umayyad Dynasty has established trade base on the west coast of Sumatra. This is the first introduction of Indonesia's population to Islam. Since then the sailors and Muslim merchants continued to arrive, century after century. They buy local produce from the land of green this while preaching.
Gradually, the indigenous population began to embrace Islam, although not yet on a large scale. Aceh, the westernmost region of the Islands archipelago, is the first to accept Islam. Even in Acehlah first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia was established, namely Pasai. News from Marcopolo mentioned that at the time of sojourn in Pasai year 692 AH / 1292 AD, were many Arabs who spread Islam. Similarly, news of Ibn Battuthah, nomadic Muslims from the Maghreb., Which when dropped in Aceh in 746 AH / 1345 AD wrote that in Aceh have been scattered schools of Shafi'i. The oldest relic of the Muslims who are found in Indonesia located in Gresik, East Java. Form of Islamic tomb complex, in which one of them is the tomb of a Muslim woman named Fatima bint Maimun. Numbers written on his tomb in 475 AH / 1082 AD, ie at the time of the Kingdom of Singasari. It is estimated that these tombs are not from the natives, but the tomb of Arab traders.
Until the 8th century H / 14 AD, there is no indigenous population pengislaman massive archipelago. New in the 9th century H / 14 AD, the indigenous population embraced Islam en masse. The historians argue that Islam entered the archipelago population on a large scale in the century was due at that time the Muslims already have a significant political force. That is marked by the establishment of several Islamic kingdoms such as the Kingdom of patterned Aceh Darussalam, Malacca, Demak, Cirebon, and Ternate. The rulers of these kingdoms of mixed blood, descendants of the kings of the indigenous pre-Islamic and Arab immigrants. The rapid Islamization of the 14th century and 15 M, among others, are also caused by the decline of power and influence of the kingdoms of the Hindu / Buddhist in the archipelago such as Majapahit, Srivijaya and Sundanese. Thomas Arnold in The Preaching of Islam says that the arrival of Islam is not as conquerors as well as the Portuguese and Spanish. Islam came to Southeast Asia by way of peace, not with a sword, not to seize political power. Islam entered the archipelago in a way that really show it as rahmatan lil'alamin.
With the native population into Islam Nusantara and the establishment of Islamic governments in different parts of the archipelago, the trade with the Muslims from the center of the Islamic world became increasingly tight. The Arabs who migrated to the archipelago is also growing. The largest of which is derived from Hadramaut, Yemen. In the chronicle of Hadramawt, migration is even said to be the largest in the history of Hadramaut. But after the Christian European nations and the greedy master coming area-by area in the archipelago, the relationship with the center of the Islamic world as if disconnected. Especially in the 17th and 18th centuries AD. The reason, other than because the Muslim archipelago occupied by the resistance against colonialism, as well as various regulations created by the colonialist. Every time the invaders - notably the Netherlands - subjugate the Islamic kingdom in the archipelago, they would thrust the royal ban treaty whose contents are related to trade with the outside world except through them. So terputuslah Nusantara relations with the Islamic ummah of Muslims from other nations who had established hundreds of years. The colonialist desire to alienate Muslims archipelago with its roots, also visible from the assimilation policies that make them among the Arabs with the natives.
Since the early arrival of the Europeans at the end of the 15th century AD to the fertile island is prosperous, is already seen their greedy nature to master. Moreover, they found the fact that the population of these islands have embraced Islam, the religion of their enemies, so that the spirit of the Crusades was always carry around every time they beat a region. In their fight against Islam in collaboration with indigenous kingdoms that still adhered to Hindu / Buddhist. One example, to decide cruise lines of the Muslims, then having seized Malacca in 1511, the Portuguese cooperation with the Kingdom of Sunda Pajajaran to build a base in Sunda Kelapa. But the purpose of this Portuguese failed miserably after the combined forces of Islam from the north coast of Java along hand in hand to demolish them in 1527 AD Of this historic battle led by an Arab-blooded son of Aceh Gujarat, namely Al-Pasai Fadhilah Khan, better known by his title, Fathahillah. Before becoming an important man in the three Islamic kingdom of Java, namely Demak, Cirebon and Banten, Fathahillah had studied in Mecca. Even the participate defend Mecca of the Ottoman Turkish invasion.
The arrival of the colonialists on the one side has awakened the spirit of jihad of the Muslims archipelago, but on the other side make the deepening of belief in Islam is uneven. Only the pesantren (Islamic schools) who studied Islam, and even then usually limited to the Shafi'i school. While the majority Muslims, mixing faith with pre-Islamic traditions. Aristocratic circles close to the Dutch even have affected the European lifestyle. Conditions like this still happen at least until now. Apart from this, scholars Archipelago are the people who persevere against colonialism. Although many of them come from the congregation, but it is often among the congregation rose up against the invaders. And although in the end it was crushed any resistance with tactics devious, but history has recorded millions of martyrs who died in the archipelago a number of battles against the Dutch. Since the resistance of Islamic kingdoms in the 16th and 17th centuries such as Malacca (Malaysia), Sulu (Philippines), Pasai, Banten, Sunda Kelapa, Makassar, Ternate, until the resistance of the scholars in the 18th century such as the War of Cirebon (Bagus Rangin), Java War (Diponegoro), Padri War (Imam Bonjol), and the war in Aceh (Teuku Umar).
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